Born frail but rich in 1883, Charles Demuth was free to follow his aesthetic inclinations, partly shaped by Beardsley and Wilde, without having to please the market to make a living. Attending the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, he lived in the same boarding house with William Carlos Williams, a lifelong friend whose poem "The Great Figure" inspired Demuth's most famous work, The Figure Five in Gold. In 1912 he had his first exhibitions, found another lifelong friend in fellow gay artsit Marsden Hartley, and began dating his most significant partner, Robert Locher. More than a decade before Paul Cadmus, Demuth painted gay men cruising, embracing, and having sex. Two favorite subjects were all-male baths, where patrons enjoyed relaxing, massage, or more [after the jump, in a 1918 self-portrait, see the upper right corner]; and salty sailors galore, dancing (above), with their pants open, with a john, with a woman, or nude with each other. When he died of diabetes at 51, he left his watercolors to Locher and his oils to Georgia O'Keefe.
In American Visions: The Epic History of Art in America, Robert Hughes writes, "Demuth was not a flaming queen, in fact he was rather a discreet gay, but if he could not place his deepest sexual predilections in the open, he could still make art from them. Seen from our distance, that of a pornocratic culture so drenched in genital imagery that sly hints about forbidden sex hardly compel attention, the skill with which he did this might seem almost quaint... [he] took a special delight in sowing his work with sexual hints. To create a secret subject matter, to disport oneself with codes, was to enjoy one's distance from (and rise above) "straight" life. The handlebar of a vaudeville trick-rider's bicycle turns into a penis, aimed at his crotch; sailors dance with girls in a cabaret but ogle one another."
For more, read Jonathan Weinberg's Speaking for Vice: Homosexuality in the Art of Charles Demuth, Marsden Hartley, and the First American Avant-Garde from Yale.
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